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高精度法布里珀罗腔谐振频率漂移跟踪系统关键器件参数模拟研究

Simulation Study on Key Device Parameters of High-precision Fabry Perot Cavity Resonant Frequency Drift Tracking System

  • 摘要: 近年来, 宽带法布里珀罗(Fabry Perot, FP)腔广泛应用于高精度天文光谱定标中, 使用FP腔实现优于1 m/s的光谱长期定标精度需要实现好于10−9 (即<MHz)的稳定性. 然而镀膜老化、间隔材料相变和环境长期的变化等因素都会造成FP谱线的缓慢漂移, 影响光谱定标的长期重复精度. 为改善其长期定标精度, 设计了一套以铷吸收池作为绝对频率基准的激光扫描高精度跟踪系统, 利用小自由光谱范围(Free Spectral Range, FSR)的辅助FP腔配合铷吸收谱线对激光扫描频率进行精确标定. 为了确定辅助FP腔的参数, 模拟了两种材质、不同FSR的扫描频率标定FP腔在不同探测条件下(温度变化和噪声大小)频率标定效果. 结果表明: 在不考虑环境及探测因素的情况下, FSR 70 MHz及以下可以实现MHz频率精度的标定; 同时, FSR越小, 其对温度变化及探测噪声越敏感. 综合考虑模拟结果和制备难度, 最佳的扫描频率标定FP腔为自由光谱范围30−70 MHz的空心光纤FP腔.

     

    Abstract: Broadband Fabry Perot (FP) cavities have been widely used in high-precision astronomical spectral calibration in recent years. Achieving calibration accuracy better than 1 m/s requires the stability of the FP cavity to be better than 10−9 (<MHz). However, coating aging, phase transition of spacer materials, and long-term environmental changes can cause a slow drift of the FP cavity, affecting the long-term repeatability and accuracy of wavelength calibration. To track the drift of the FP cavity and improve its long-term calibration accuracy, a high-precision laser scanning tracking system was designed using a rubidium absorption cell as the absolute frequency reference. Theoretically, the frequency accuracy can reach 10−9 or even higher near the rubidium absorption line. However, the FP etalon FSR (Free Spectral Range) used for wavelength calibration is usually 15 to 60 GHz, which means the peaks are likely far away from the rubidium lines. Therefore, accurately calibrating the scanning frequency of the laser is the key to expanding the measurement range and maintaining measurement accuracy. We use a small FSR auxiliary FP cavity with rubidium absorption cells for precisely calibrating laser scanning frequency. To select the parameters of the system's key components, the laser scanning frequency calibration of two materials, and different FSR auxiliary FP cavities under different detection conditions (temperature changes, noise levels) are simulated. The simulated results show that the auxiliary FP cavity with FSR below 70 MHz can achieve calibration of MHz frequency accuracy without considering environmental and detection factors; meanwhile, the smaller the FSR, the more sensitive it is to temperature changes and detection noise. Taking into account the simulated results and fabrication difficulty, the optimal FSR for the auxiliary FP cavity is 30−70 MHz. Since the temperature drift coefficient of the anti-resonant hollow core fiber FP cavity is much smaller than that of the traditional fiber FP cavity, it is also more suitable for high-precision frequency calibration.

     

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