探究系外行星系统中行星质量排序熵的演化
Exploring the Evolution of the Entropy Related to Mass Ordering in Multi-planet Systems
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摘要: 研究定义了多行星系统中与质量排序有关的熵, 并利用蒙特卡洛模拟和N体动力学数值模拟研究了行星系统动力学演化对行星质量排序熵的影响. 结果表明, 行星系统动力学演化过程中的碰撞、位置交换等行为会导致行星系统的质量排序熵发生变化. 位置交换会使系统的质量排序熵逐渐增加, 而碰撞则可能导致系统质量排序熵减少. 尽管系统的熵值可能减少, 但当前系统的质量排序熵与当前系统所能达到的最大质量排序熵的比一直呈增加的趋势, 表明系统是朝着平衡态的方向演化的. 与开普勒多行星系统的比较发现, 约16.9\%\pm4.7\%的开普勒多行星系统仍保持有序的质量排布, 说明这些系统可能没有经历剧烈的动力学演化.Abstract: We define an entropy related to mass ordering in multi-planetary systems. Through Monte Carlo simulations and N-body dynamical numerical simulations, we explore the impact of dynamical evolution on the entropy of planetary mass ordering. Our findings suggest that collisions and positional swaps during the dynamical evolution of planetary systems can modify the entropy of mass ordering within the system. Positional swaps tend to gradually increase the entropy of mass ordering, whereas collisions may lead to a decrease. Despite the potential decrease in the system's entropy value, the ratio of the current system's mass ordering entropy to the maximum attainable mass ordering entropy consistently rises, indicating the system's progression toward equilibrium. Observations on Kepler multi-planetary systems reveal that about 16.9\%\pm4.7\% of them still maintain an ordered mass distribution, implying that these systems may not have experienced significant dynamical evolution.