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宇宙黎明和再电离时期低频全天总功率探测实验现状

Recent Progresses of Low-frequency Experiments to Detect the Global Spectrum of the Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization

  • 摘要: 宇宙黎明和再电离时期探测是目前宇宙学最前沿科学研究方向之一. 对这一时期的直接探测只能依赖于观测来自这一时期红移后的中性氢21cm信号, 其3种主要探测方式之一是21cm信号全天总功率测量. 在此回顾已有和正在计划中的探测宇宙黎明和再电离时期的低频全天总功率测量实验及其进展, 包括地面射电望远镜如BIGHORNS1、EDGES2、LACE3、LEDA4、MIST5、REACH6、SARAS7 3、SCI-HI8、PRI^ZM9以及空间低频总功率相关实验如DARE10、DAPPER11、FARSIDE12、鸿蒙计划. 其中, EDGES实验是目前唯一声称观测到疑似宇宙黎明信号的实验, 然而其实验结果与标准宇宙学模型(Λ Cold Dark Matter, ΛCDM)有不符之处. 如果该探测结果被证实, 那么这将是人类第1次探测到宇宙黎明和再电离信号, 从而填补宇宙演化历史的空白.

     

    Abstract: The detection of Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization is one of the most exciting fields in cosmology. The direct detection of these periods can only rely on the observation of red-shifted 21cm emission neutral hydrogen signal. One of the three main methods of detection is measuring the global spectrum of 21cm emission from Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization. Here we review recent progress of existing and planned experiments aiming such detection including ground-based radio experiments such as BIGHORNS, EDGES, LACE, LEDA, MIST, REACH, SARAS 3, SCI-HI, PRI^ZM, and space low-frequency global spectrum experiments such as DARE, DAPPER, FARSIDE, Hongmeng. Among them, EDGES is the only experiment that claims to have observed a suspected Cosmic Dawn signal. However, the result is inconsistent with the standard cosmological model (Λ Cold Dark Matter, ΛCDM). If the detection is confirmed, it will be the first signal that mankind has detected from Cosmic Dawn, so as to fill the gap in the observation of cosmic evolution.

     

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